auth/auth-cass/src/main/java/org/onap/aaf/auth/dao/hl/Question.java

   1 /**
   2  * ============LICENSE_START====================================================
   3  * org.onap.aaf
   4  * ===========================================================================
   5  * Copyright (c) 2018 AT&T Intellectual Property. All rights reserved.
   6  * ===========================================================================
   7  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
   8  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
   9  * You may obtain a copy of the License at
  10  *
  11  *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
  12  *
  13  * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
  14  * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
  15  * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
  16  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  17  * limitations under the License.
  18  * ============LICENSE_END====================================================
  19  *
  20  */
  21
  22 package org.onap.aaf.auth.dao.hl;
  23
  24 import java.io.IOException;
  25 import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
  26 import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
  27 import java.security.SecureRandom;
  28 import java.util.ArrayList;
  29 import java.util.Collections;
  30 import java.util.Comparator;
  31 import java.util.Date;
  32 import java.util.HashSet;
  33 import java.util.List;
  34 import java.util.Map;
  35 import java.util.Random;
  36 import java.util.Set;
  37 import java.util.TreeSet;
  38
  39 import org.onap.aaf.auth.common.Define;
  40 import org.onap.aaf.auth.dao.AbsCassDAO;
  41 import org.onap.aaf.auth.dao.CachedDAO;
  42 import org.onap.aaf.auth.dao.DAOException;
  43 import org.onap.aaf.auth.dao.cached.CachedCertDAO;
  44 import org.onap.aaf.auth.dao.cached.CachedCredDAO;
  45 import org.onap.aaf.auth.dao.cached.CachedNSDAO;
  46 import org.onap.aaf.auth.dao.cached.CachedPermDAO;
  47 import org.onap.aaf.auth.dao.cached.CachedRoleDAO;
  48 import org.onap.aaf.auth.dao.cached.CachedUserRoleDAO;
  49 import org.onap.aaf.auth.dao.cass.ApprovalDAO;
  50 import org.onap.aaf.auth.dao.cass.CacheInfoDAO;
  51 import org.onap.aaf.auth.dao.cass.CertDAO;
  52 import org.onap.aaf.auth.dao.cass.CredDAO;
  53 import org.onap.aaf.auth.dao.cass.CredDAO.Data;
  54 import org.onap.aaf.auth.dao.cass.DelegateDAO;
  55 import org.onap.aaf.auth.dao.cass.FutureDAO;
  56 import org.onap.aaf.auth.dao.cass.HistoryDAO;
  57 import org.onap.aaf.auth.dao.cass.LocateDAO;
  58 import org.onap.aaf.auth.dao.cass.NsDAO;
  59 import org.onap.aaf.auth.dao.cass.NsSplit;
  60 import org.onap.aaf.auth.dao.cass.NsType;
  61 import org.onap.aaf.auth.dao.cass.PermDAO;
  62 import org.onap.aaf.auth.dao.cass.RoleDAO;
  63 import org.onap.aaf.auth.dao.cass.Status;
  64 import org.onap.aaf.auth.dao.cass.UserRoleDAO;
  65 import org.onap.aaf.auth.env.AuthzTrans;
  66 import org.onap.aaf.auth.env.AuthzTrans.REQD_TYPE;
  67 import org.onap.aaf.auth.env.AuthzTransFilter;
  68 import org.onap.aaf.auth.layer.Result;
  69 import org.onap.aaf.auth.org.Organization;
  70 import org.onap.aaf.cadi.Hash;
  71 import org.onap.aaf.cadi.aaf.PermEval;
  72 import org.onap.aaf.cadi.config.Config;
  73 import org.onap.aaf.misc.env.APIException;
  74 import org.onap.aaf.misc.env.Env;
  75 import org.onap.aaf.misc.env.Slot;
  76 import org.onap.aaf.misc.env.TimeTaken;
  77 import org.onap.aaf.misc.env.util.Chrono;
  78
  79 import com.datastax.driver.core.Cluster;
  80
  81 /**
  82  * Question HL DAO
  83  *
  84  * A Data Access Combination Object which asks Security and other Questions
  85  *
  86  * @author Jonathan
  87  *
  88  */
  89 public class Question {
  90
  91         // DON'T CHANGE FROM lower Case!!!
  92         public static enum Type {
  93                 ns, role, perm, cred
  94         };
  95
  96         public static final String OWNER="owner";
  97         public static final String ADMIN="admin";
  98         public static final String DOT_OWNER=".owner";
  99         public static final String DOT_ADMIN=".admin";
 100         public static final String ACCESS = "access";
 101
 102         static final String ASTERIX = "*";
 103
 104         public static enum Access {
 105                 read, write, create
 106         };
 107
 108         public static final String READ = Access.read.name();
 109         public static final String WRITE = Access.write.name();
 110         public static final String CREATE = Access.create.name();
 111
 112         public static final String ROLE = Type.role.name();
 113         public static final String PERM = Type.perm.name();
 114         public static final String NS = Type.ns.name();
 115         public static final String CRED = Type.cred.name();
 116         private static final String DELG = "delg";
 117         public static final String ROOT_NS = Define.isInitialized() ? Define.ROOT_NS() : "undefined";
 118         public static final String ATTRIB = "attrib";
 119
 120
 121         public static final int MAX_SCOPE = 10;
 122         public static final int APP_SCOPE = 3;
 123         public static final int COMPANY_SCOPE = 2;
 124         static Slot PERMS;
 125
 126         private static Set<String> specialLog = null;
 127         public static final Random random = new SecureRandom();
 128         private static long traceID = random.nextLong();
 129         private static Slot specialLogSlot = null;
 130         private static Slot transIDSlot = null;
 131
 132
 133         public final HistoryDAO historyDAO;
 134         public final CachedNSDAO nsDAO;
 135         public final CachedRoleDAO roleDAO;
 136         public final CachedPermDAO permDAO;
 137         public final CachedUserRoleDAO userRoleDAO;
 138         public final CachedCredDAO credDAO;
 139         public final CachedCertDAO certDAO;
 140         public final DelegateDAO delegateDAO;
 141         public final FutureDAO futureDAO;
 142         public final ApprovalDAO approvalDAO;
 143         private final CacheInfoDAO cacheInfoDAO;
 144         public final LocateDAO locateDAO;
 145
 146         public Question(AuthzTrans trans, Cluster cluster, String keyspace, boolean startClean) throws APIException, IOException {
 147                 PERMS = trans.slot("USER_PERMS");
 148                 trans.init().log("Instantiating DAOs");
 149                 long expiresIn = Long.parseLong(trans.getProperty(Config.AAF_USER_EXPIRES, Config.AAF_USER_EXPIRES_DEF));
 150                 historyDAO = new HistoryDAO(trans, cluster, keyspace);
 151
 152                 // Deal with Cached Entries
 153                 cacheInfoDAO = new CacheInfoDAO(trans, historyDAO);
 154
 155                 nsDAO = new CachedNSDAO(new NsDAO(trans, historyDAO, cacheInfoDAO),cacheInfoDAO, expiresIn);
 156                 permDAO = new CachedPermDAO(new PermDAO(trans, historyDAO, cacheInfoDAO), cacheInfoDAO, expiresIn);
 157                 roleDAO = new CachedRoleDAO(new RoleDAO(trans, historyDAO, cacheInfoDAO), cacheInfoDAO, expiresIn);
 158                 userRoleDAO = new CachedUserRoleDAO(new UserRoleDAO(trans, historyDAO,cacheInfoDAO), cacheInfoDAO, expiresIn);
 159                 credDAO = new CachedCredDAO(new CredDAO(trans, historyDAO, cacheInfoDAO), cacheInfoDAO, expiresIn);
 160                 certDAO = new CachedCertDAO(new CertDAO(trans, historyDAO, cacheInfoDAO), cacheInfoDAO, expiresIn);
 161
 162                 locateDAO = new LocateDAO(trans,historyDAO);
 163                 futureDAO = new FutureDAO(trans, historyDAO);
 164                 delegateDAO = new DelegateDAO(trans, historyDAO);
 165                 approvalDAO = new ApprovalDAO(trans, historyDAO);
 166
 167                 // Only want to aggressively cleanse User related Caches... The others,
 168                 // just normal refresh
 169                 if(startClean) {
 170                         CachedDAO.startCleansing(trans.env(), credDAO, userRoleDAO);
 171                         CachedDAO.startRefresh(trans.env(), cacheInfoDAO);
 172                 }
 173                 // Set a Timer to Check Caches to send messages for Caching changes
 174
 175                 if(specialLogSlot==null) {
 176                         specialLogSlot = trans.slot(AuthzTransFilter.SPECIAL_LOG_SLOT);
 177                 }
 178
 179                 if(transIDSlot==null) {
 180                         transIDSlot = trans.slot(AuthzTransFilter.TRANS_ID_SLOT);
 181                 }
 182
 183                 AbsCassDAO.primePSIs(trans);
 184         }
 185
 186
 187         public void close(AuthzTrans trans) {
 188                 historyDAO.close(trans);
 189                 cacheInfoDAO.close(trans);
 190                 nsDAO.close(trans);
 191                 permDAO.close(trans);
 192                 roleDAO.close(trans);
 193                 userRoleDAO.close(trans);
 194                 credDAO.close(trans);
 195                 certDAO.close(trans);
 196                 delegateDAO.close(trans);
 197                 futureDAO.close(trans);
 198                 approvalDAO.close(trans);
 199         }
 200
 201         public Result<PermDAO.Data> permFrom(AuthzTrans trans, String type,
 202                         String instance, String action) {
 203                 Result<NsDAO.Data> rnd = deriveNs(trans, type);
 204                 if (rnd.isOK()) {
 205                         return Result.ok(new PermDAO.Data(new NsSplit(rnd.value, type),
 206                                         instance, action));
 207                 } else {
 208                         return Result.err(rnd);
 209                 }
 210         }
 211
 212         /**
 213          * getPermsByUser
 214          *
 215          * Because this call is frequently called internally, AND because we already
 216          * look for it in the initial Call, we cache within the Transaction
 217          *
 218          * @param trans
 219          * @param user
 220          * @return
 221          */
 222         public Result<List<PermDAO.Data>> getPermsByUser(AuthzTrans trans, String user, boolean lookup) {
 223                 return PermLookup.get(trans, this, user).getPerms(lookup);
 224         }
 225
 226         public Result<List<PermDAO.Data>> getPermsByUserFromRolesFilter(AuthzTrans trans, String user, String forUser) {
 227                 PermLookup plUser = PermLookup.get(trans, this, user);
 228                 Result<Set<String>> plPermNames = plUser.getPermNames();
 229                 if(plPermNames.notOK()) {
 230                         return Result.err(plPermNames);
 231                 }
 232
 233                 Set<String> nss;
 234                 if(forUser.equals(user)) {
 235                         nss = null;
 236                 } else {
 237                         // Setup a TreeSet to check on Namespaces to
 238                         nss = new TreeSet<>();
 239                         PermLookup fUser = PermLookup.get(trans, this, forUser);
 240                         Result<Set<String>> forUpn = fUser.getPermNames();
 241                         if(forUpn.notOK()) {
 242                                 return Result.err(forUpn);
 243                         }
 244
 245                         for(String pn : forUpn.value) {
 246                                 Result<String[]> decoded = PermDAO.Data.decodeToArray(trans, this, pn);
 247                                 if(decoded.isOKhasData()) {
 248                                         nss.add(decoded.value[0]);
 249                                 } else {
 250                                         trans.error().log(pn,", derived from a Role, is invalid:",decoded.errorString());
 251                                 }
 252                         }
 253                 }
 254
 255                 List<PermDAO.Data> rlpUser = new ArrayList<>();
 256                 Result<PermDAO.Data> rpdd;
 257                 PermDAO.Data pdd;
 258                 for(String pn : plPermNames.value) {
 259                         rpdd = PermDAO.Data.decode(trans, this, pn);
 260                         if(rpdd.isOKhasData()) {
 261                                 pdd=rpdd.value;
 262                                 if(nss==null || nss.contains(pdd.ns)) {
 263                                         rlpUser.add(pdd);
 264                                 }
 265                         } else {
 266                                 trans.error().log(pn,", derived from a Role, is invalid.  Run Data Cleanup:",rpdd.errorString());
 267                         }
 268                 }
 269                 return Result.ok(rlpUser);
 270         }
 271
 272         public Result<List<PermDAO.Data>> getPermsByType(AuthzTrans trans, String perm) {
 273                 Result<NsSplit> nss = deriveNsSplit(trans, perm);
 274                 if (nss.notOK()) {
 275                         return Result.err(nss);
 276                 }
 277                 return permDAO.readByType(trans, nss.value.ns, nss.value.name);
 278         }
 279
 280         public Result<List<PermDAO.Data>> getPermsByName(AuthzTrans trans,
 281                         String type, String instance, String action) {
 282                 Result<NsSplit> nss = deriveNsSplit(trans, type);
 283                 if (nss.notOK()) {
 284                         return Result.err(nss);
 285                 }
 286                 return permDAO.read(trans, nss.value.ns, nss.value.name, instance,action);
 287         }
 288
 289         public Result<List<PermDAO.Data>> getPermsByRole(AuthzTrans trans, String role, boolean lookup) {
 290                 Result<NsSplit> nss = deriveNsSplit(trans, role);
 291                 if (nss.notOK()) {
 292                         return Result.err(nss);
 293                 }
 294
 295                 Result<List<RoleDAO.Data>> rlrd = roleDAO.read(trans, nss.value.ns,
 296                                 nss.value.name);
 297                 if (rlrd.notOKorIsEmpty()) {
 298                         return Result.err(rlrd);
 299                 }
 300                 // Using Set to avoid duplicates
 301                 Set<String> permNames = new HashSet<>();
 302                 if (rlrd.isOKhasData()) {
 303                         for (RoleDAO.Data drr : rlrd.value) {
 304                                 permNames.addAll(drr.perms(false));
 305                         }
 306                 }
 307
 308                 // Note: It should be ok for a Valid user to have no permissions -
 309                 // Jonathan 8/12/2013
 310                 List<PermDAO.Data> perms = new ArrayList<>();
 311                 for (String perm : permNames) {
 312                         Result<PermDAO.Data> pr = PermDAO.Data.decode(trans, this, perm);
 313                         if (pr.notOK()) {
 314                                 return Result.err(pr);
 315                         }
 316
 317                         if(lookup) {
 318                                 Result<List<PermDAO.Data>> rlpd = permDAO.read(trans, pr.value);
 319                                 if (rlpd.isOKhasData()) {
 320                                         for (PermDAO.Data pData : rlpd.value) {
 321                                                 perms.add(pData);
 322                                         }
 323                                 }
 324                         } else {
 325                                 perms.add(pr.value);
 326                         }
 327                 }
 328
 329                 return Result.ok(perms);
 330         }
 331
 332         public Result<List<RoleDAO.Data>> getRolesByName(AuthzTrans trans,
 333                         String role) {
 334                 Result<NsSplit> nss = deriveNsSplit(trans, role);
 335                 if (nss.notOK()) {
 336                         return Result.err(nss);
 337                 }
 338                 String r = nss.value.name;
 339                 if (r.endsWith(".*")) { // do children Search
 340                         return roleDAO.readChildren(trans, nss.value.ns,
 341                                         r.substring(0, r.length() - 2));
 342                 } else if (ASTERIX.equals(r)) {
 343                         return roleDAO.readChildren(trans, nss.value.ns, ASTERIX);
 344                 } else {
 345                         return roleDAO.read(trans, nss.value.ns, r);
 346                 }
 347         }
 348
 349         /**
 350          * Derive NS
 351          *
 352          * Given a Child Namespace, figure out what the best Namespace parent is.
 353          *
 354          * For instance, if in the NS table, the parent "org.osaaf" exists, but not
 355          * "org.osaaf.child" or "org.osaaf.a.b.c", then passing in either
 356          * "org.osaaf.child" or "org.osaaf.a.b.c" will return "org.osaaf"
 357          *
 358          * Uses recursive search on Cached DAO data
 359          *
 360          * @param trans
 361          * @param child
 362          * @return
 363          */
 364         public Result<NsDAO.Data> deriveNs(AuthzTrans trans, String child) {
 365                 Result<List<NsDAO.Data>> r = nsDAO.read(trans, child);
 366
 367                 if (r.isOKhasData()) {
 368                         return Result.ok(r.value.get(0));
 369                 } else {
 370                         int dot;
 371                         if(child==null) {
 372                                 return Result.err(Status.ERR_NsNotFound, "No Namespace");
 373                         } else {
 374                                 dot = child.lastIndexOf('.');
 375                         }
 376                         if (dot < 0) {
 377                                 return Result.err(Status.ERR_NsNotFound, "No Namespace for [%s]", child);
 378                         } else {
 379                                 return deriveNs(trans, child.substring(0, dot));
 380                         }
 381                 }
 382         }
 383
 384         public Result<NsDAO.Data> deriveFirstNsForType(AuthzTrans trans, String str, NsType type) {
 385                 NsDAO.Data nsd;
 386
 387                 for(String lookup = str;!".".equals(lookup) && lookup!=null;) {
 388                         Result<List<NsDAO.Data>> rld = nsDAO.read(trans, lookup);
 389                         if(rld.isOKhasData()) {
 390                                 nsd=rld.value.get(0);
 391                                 lookup = nsd.parent;
 392                                 if(type.type == nsd.type) {
 393                                         return Result.ok(nsd);
 394                                 }
 395                         } else {
 396                                 return Result.err(Status.ERR_NsNotFound,"There is no valid Company Namespace for %s",str);
 397                         }
 398                 }
 399                 return Result.err(Status.ERR_NotFound, str + " does not contain type " + type.name());
 400         }
 401
 402         public Result<NsSplit> deriveNsSplit(AuthzTrans trans, String child) {
 403                 Result<NsDAO.Data> ndd = deriveNs(trans, child);
 404                 if (ndd.isOK()) {
 405                         NsSplit nss = new NsSplit(ndd.value, child);
 406                         if (nss.isOK()) {
 407                                 return Result.ok(nss);
 408                         } else {
 409                                 return Result.err(Status.ERR_NsNotFound,
 410                                                 "Cannot split [%s] into valid namespace elements",
 411                                                 child);
 412                         }
 413                 }
 414                 return Result.err(ndd);
 415         }
 416
 417         /**
 418          * Translate an ID into it's domain
 419          *
 420          * i.e. myid1234@aaf.att.com results in domain of com.att.aaf
 421          *
 422          * @param id
 423          * @return
 424          */
 425         public static String domain2ns(String id) {
 426                 int at = id.indexOf('@');
 427                 if (at >= 0) {
 428                         String[] domain = id.substring(at + 1).split("\\.");
 429                         StringBuilder ns = new StringBuilder(id.length());
 430                         boolean first = true;
 431                         for (int i = domain.length - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
 432                                 if (first) {
 433                                         first = false;
 434                                 } else {
 435                                         ns.append('.');
 436                                 }
 437                                 ns.append(domain[i]);
 438                         }
 439                         return ns.toString();
 440                 } else {
 441                         return "";
 442                 }
 443
 444         }
 445
 446         /**
 447          * Validate Namespace of ID@Domain
 448          *
 449          * Namespace is reverse order of Domain.
 450          *
 451          * @param trans
 452          * @param id
 453          * @return
 454          */
 455         public Result<NsDAO.Data> validNSOfDomain(AuthzTrans trans, String id) {
 456                 // Take domain, reverse order, and check on NS
 457                 String ns;
 458                 if(id.indexOf('@')<0) { // it's already an ns, not an ID
 459                         ns = id;
 460                 } else {
 461                         ns = domain2ns(id);
 462                 }
 463                 if (ns.length() > 0) {
 464                         if(!trans.org().getDomain().equals(ns)) {
 465                                 Result<List<NsDAO.Data>> rlnsd = nsDAO.read(trans, ns);
 466                                 if (rlnsd.isOKhasData()) {
 467                                         return Result.ok(rlnsd.value.get(0));
 468                                 }
 469                         }
 470                 }
 471                 return Result.err(Status.ERR_NsNotFound,
 472                                 "A Namespace is not available for %s", id);
 473         }
 474
 475         public Result<NsDAO.Data> mayUser(AuthzTrans trans, String user,NsDAO.Data ndd, Access access) {
 476                 // <ns>.access|:role:<role name>|<read|write>
 477                 String ns = ndd.name;
 478                 int last;
 479                 do {
 480                         if (isGranted(trans, user, ns, ACCESS, ":ns", access.name())) {
 481                                 return Result.ok(ndd);
 482                         }
 483                         if ((last = ns.lastIndexOf('.')) >= 0) {
 484                                 ns = ns.substring(0, last);
 485                         }
 486                 } while (last >= 0);
 487                 // com.att.aaf.ns|:<client ns>:ns|<access>
 488                 // AAF-724 - Make consistent response for May User", and not take the
 489                 // last check... too confusing.
 490                 Result<NsDAO.Data> rv = mayUserVirtueOfNS(trans, user, ndd, ":" + ndd.name + ":ns", access.name());
 491                 if (rv.isOK()) {
 492                         return rv;
 493                 } else if(rv.status==Result.ERR_Backend) {
 494                         return Result.err(rv);
 495                 } else {
 496                         return Result.err(Status.ERR_Denied, "[%s] may not %s in NS [%s]",
 497                                         user, access.name(), ndd.name);
 498                 }
 499         }
 500
 501         public Result<NsDAO.Data> mayUser(AuthzTrans trans, String user, RoleDAO.Data rdd, Access access) {
 502                 Result<NsDAO.Data> rnsd = deriveNs(trans, rdd.ns);
 503                 if (rnsd.isOK()) {
 504                         return mayUser(trans, user, rnsd.value, rdd, access);
 505                 }
 506                 return rnsd;
 507         }
 508
 509         public Result<NsDAO.Data> mayUser(AuthzTrans trans, String user, NsDAO.Data ndd, RoleDAO.Data rdd, Access access) {
 510                 // 1) Is User in the Role?
 511                 Result<List<UserRoleDAO.Data>> rurd = userRoleDAO.readUserInRole(trans, user, rdd.fullName());
 512                 if (rurd.isOKhasData()) {
 513                         return Result.ok(ndd);
 514                 }
 515
 516                 String roleInst = ":role:" + rdd.name;
 517                 // <ns>.access|:role:<role name>|<read|write>
 518                 String ns = rdd.ns;
 519                 int last;
 520                 do {
 521                         if (isGranted(trans, user, ns,ACCESS, roleInst, access.name())) {
 522                                 return Result.ok(ndd);
 523                         }
 524                         if ((last = ns.lastIndexOf('.')) >= 0) {
 525                                 ns = ns.substring(0, last);
 526                         }
 527                 } while (last >= 0);
 528
 529                 // Check if Access by Global Role perm
 530                 // com.att.aaf.ns|:<client ns>:role:name|<access>
 531                 Result<NsDAO.Data> rnsd = mayUserVirtueOfNS(trans, user, ndd, ":"
 532                                 + rdd.ns + roleInst, access.name());
 533                 if (rnsd.isOK()) {
 534                         return rnsd;
 535                 } else if(rnsd.status==Result.ERR_Backend) {
 536                         return Result.err(rnsd);
 537                 }
 538
 539                 // Check if Access to Whole NS
 540                 // AAF-724 - Make consistent response for May User", and not take the
 541                 // last check... too confusing.
 542                 Result<org.onap.aaf.auth.dao.cass.NsDAO.Data> rv = mayUserVirtueOfNS(trans, user, ndd,
 543                                 ":" + rdd.ns + ":ns", access.name());
 544                 if (rv.isOK()) {
 545                         return rv;
 546                 } else if(rnsd.status==Result.ERR_Backend) {
 547                         return Result.err(rnsd);
 548                 } else {
 549                         return Result.err(Status.ERR_Denied, "[%s] may not %s Role [%s]",
 550                                         user, access.name(), rdd.fullName());
 551                 }
 552
 553         }
 554
 555         public Result<NsDAO.Data> mayUser(AuthzTrans trans, String user,PermDAO.Data pdd, Access access) {
 556                 Result<NsDAO.Data> rnsd = deriveNs(trans, pdd.ns);
 557                 if (rnsd.isOK()) {
 558                         return mayUser(trans, user, rnsd.value, pdd, access);
 559                 }
 560                 return rnsd;
 561         }
 562
 563         public Result<NsDAO.Data> mayUser(AuthzTrans trans, String user,NsDAO.Data ndd, PermDAO.Data pdd, Access access) {
 564                 if (isGranted(trans, user, pdd.ns, pdd.type, pdd.instance, pdd.action)) {
 565                         return Result.ok(ndd);
 566                 }
 567                 String permInst = ":perm:" + pdd.type + ':' + pdd.instance + ':' + pdd.action;
 568                 // <ns>.access|:role:<role name>|<read|write>
 569                 String ns = ndd.name;
 570                 int last;
 571                 do {
 572                         if (isGranted(trans, user, ns, ACCESS, permInst, access.name())) {
 573                                 return Result.ok(ndd);
 574                         }
 575                         if ((last = ns.lastIndexOf('.')) >= 0) {
 576                                 ns = ns.substring(0, last);
 577                         }
 578                 } while (last >= 0);
 579
 580                 // Check if Access by NS perm
 581                 // com.att.aaf.ns|:<client ns>:role:name|<access>
 582                 Result<NsDAO.Data> rnsd = mayUserVirtueOfNS(trans, user, ndd, ":" + pdd.ns + permInst, access.name());
 583                 if (rnsd.isOK()) {
 584                         return rnsd;
 585                 } else if(rnsd.status==Result.ERR_Backend) {
 586                         return Result.err(rnsd);
 587                 }
 588
 589                 // Check if Access to Whole NS
 590                 // AAF-724 - Make consistent response for May User", and not take the
 591                 // last check... too confusing.
 592                 Result<NsDAO.Data> rv = mayUserVirtueOfNS(trans, user, ndd, ":" + pdd.ns + ":ns", access.name());
 593                 if (rv.isOK()) {
 594                         return rv;
 595                 } else {
 596                         return Result.err(Status.ERR_Denied,
 597                                         "[%s] may not %s Perm [%s|%s|%s]", user, access.name(),
 598                                         pdd.fullType(), pdd.instance, pdd.action);
 599                 }
 600
 601         }
 602
 603         public Result<Void> mayUser(AuthzTrans trans, DelegateDAO.Data dd, Access access) {
 604                 try {
 605                         Result<NsDAO.Data> rnsd = deriveNs(trans, domain2ns(trans.user()));
 606                         if(rnsd.isOKhasData() && mayUserVirtueOfNS(trans,trans.user(),rnsd.value, ":"   + rnsd.value.name + ":ns", access.name()).isOK()) {
 607                                 return Result.ok();
 608                         }
 609                         boolean isUser = trans.user().equals(dd.user);
 610                         boolean isDelegate = dd.delegate != null
 611                                         && (dd.user.equals(dd.delegate) || trans.user().equals(
 612                                                         dd.delegate));
 613                         Organization org = trans.org();
 614                         switch (access) {
 615                         case create:
 616                                 if (org.getIdentity(trans, dd.user) == null) {
 617                                         return Result.err(Status.ERR_UserNotFound,
 618                                                         "[%s] is not a user in the company database.",
 619                                                         dd.user);
 620                                 }
 621                                 if (!dd.user.equals(dd.delegate) && org.getIdentity(trans, dd.delegate) == null) {
 622                                         return Result.err(Status.ERR_UserNotFound,
 623                                                         "[%s] is not a user in the company database.",
 624                                                         dd.delegate);
 625                                 }
 626                                 if (!trans.requested(REQD_TYPE.force) && dd.user != null && dd.user.equals(dd.delegate)) {
 627                                         return Result.err(Status.ERR_BadData,
 628                                                         "[%s] cannot be a delegate for self", dd.user);
 629                                 }
 630                                 if (!isUser     && !isGranted(trans, trans.user(), ROOT_NS,DELG,
 631                                                                 org.getDomain(), Question.CREATE)) {
 632                                         return Result.err(Status.ERR_Denied,
 633                                                         "[%s] may not create a delegate for [%s]",
 634                                                         trans.user(), dd.user);
 635                                 }
 636                                 break;
 637                         case read:
 638                         case write:
 639                                 if (!isUser     && !isDelegate &&
 640                                                 !isGranted(trans, trans.user(), ROOT_NS,DELG,org.getDomain(), access.name())) {
 641                                         return Result.err(Status.ERR_Denied,
 642                                                         "[%s] may not %s delegates for [%s]", trans.user(),
 643                                                         access.name(), dd.user);
 644                                 }
 645                                 break;
 646                         default:
 647                                 return Result.err(Status.ERR_BadData,"Unknown Access type [%s]", access.name());
 648                         }
 649                 } catch (Exception e) {
 650                         return Result.err(e);
 651                 }
 652                 return Result.ok();
 653         }
 654
 655         /*
 656          * Check (recursively, if necessary), if able to do something based on NS
 657          */
 658         private Result<NsDAO.Data> mayUserVirtueOfNS(AuthzTrans trans, String user,     NsDAO.Data nsd, String ns_and_type, String access) {
 659                 String ns = nsd.name;
 660
 661                 // If an ADMIN of the Namespace, then allow
 662
 663                 Result<List<UserRoleDAO.Data>> rurd;
 664                 if ((rurd = userRoleDAO.readUserInRole(trans, user, ns+DOT_ADMIN)).isOKhasData()) {
 665                         return Result.ok(nsd);
 666                 } else if(rurd.status==Result.ERR_Backend) {
 667                         return Result.err(rurd);
 668                 }
 669
 670                 // If Specially granted Global Permission
 671                 if (isGranted(trans, user, ROOT_NS,NS, ns_and_type, access)) {
 672                         return Result.ok(nsd);
 673                 }
 674
 675                 // Check recur
 676
 677                 int dot = ns.length();
 678                 if ((dot = ns.lastIndexOf('.', dot - 1)) >= 0) {
 679                         Result<NsDAO.Data> rnsd = deriveNs(trans, ns.substring(0, dot));
 680                         if (rnsd.isOK()) {
 681                                 rnsd = mayUserVirtueOfNS(trans, user, rnsd.value, ns_and_type,access);
 682                         } else if(rnsd.status==Result.ERR_Backend) {
 683                                 return Result.err(rnsd);
 684                         }
 685                         if (rnsd.isOK()) {
 686                                 return Result.ok(nsd);
 687                         } else if(rnsd.status==Result.ERR_Backend) {
 688                                 return Result.err(rnsd);
 689                         }
 690                 }
 691                 return Result.err(Status.ERR_Denied, "%s may not %s %s", user, access,
 692                                 ns_and_type);
 693         }
 694
 695
 696         /**
 697          * isGranted
 698          *
 699          * Important function - Check internal Permission Schemes for Permission to
 700          * do things
 701          *
 702          * @param trans
 703          * @param type
 704          * @param instance
 705          * @param action
 706          * @return
 707          */
 708         public boolean isGranted(AuthzTrans trans, String user, String ns, String type,String instance, String action) {
 709                 Result<List<PermDAO.Data>> perms = getPermsByUser(trans, user, false);
 710                 if (perms.isOK()) {
 711                         for (PermDAO.Data pd : perms.value) {
 712                                 if (ns.equals(pd.ns)) {
 713                                         if (type.equals(pd.type)) {
 714                                                 if (PermEval.evalInstance(pd.instance, instance)) {
 715                                                         if(PermEval.evalAction(pd.action, action)) { // don't return action here, might miss other action
 716                                                                 return true;
 717                                                         }
 718                                                 }
 719                                         }
 720                                 }
 721                         }
 722                 }
 723                 return false;
 724         }
 725
 726         public Result<Date> doesUserCredMatch(AuthzTrans trans, String user, byte[] cred) throws DAOException {
 727                 Result<List<CredDAO.Data>> result;
 728                 TimeTaken tt = trans.start("Read DB Cred", Env.REMOTE);
 729                 try {
 730                         result = credDAO.readID(trans, user);
 731                 } finally {
 732                         tt.done();
 733                 }
 734
 735                 Result<Date> rv = null;
 736                 if(result.isOK()) {
 737                         if (result.isEmpty()) {
 738                                 rv = Result.err(Status.ERR_UserNotFound, user);
 739                                 if (willSpecialLog(trans,user)) {
 740                                         trans.audit().log("Special DEBUG:", user, " does not exist in DB");
 741                                 }
 742                         } else {
 743                                 Date now = new Date();//long now = System.currentTimeMillis();
 744                                 // Bug noticed 6/22. Sorting on the result can cause Concurrency Issues.
 745                                 List<CredDAO.Data> cddl;
 746                                 if(result.value.size() > 1) {
 747                                         cddl = new ArrayList<>(result.value.size());
 748                                         for(CredDAO.Data old : result.value) {
 749                                                 if(old.type==CredDAO.BASIC_AUTH || old.type==CredDAO.BASIC_AUTH_SHA256) {
 750                                                         cddl.add(old);
 751                                                 }
 752                                         }
 753                                         if(cddl.size()>1) {
 754                                                 Collections.sort(cddl,new Comparator<CredDAO.Data>() {
 755                                                         @Override
 756                                                         public int compare(org.onap.aaf.auth.dao.cass.CredDAO.Data a,
 757                                                                                            org.onap.aaf.auth.dao.cass.CredDAO.Data b) {
 758                                                                 return b.expires.compareTo(a.expires);
 759                                                         }
 760                                                 });
 761                                         }
 762                                 } else {
 763                                         cddl = result.value;
 764                                 }
 765
 766                                 Date expired = null;
 767                                 StringBuilder debug = willSpecialLog(trans,user)?new StringBuilder():null;
 768                                 for (CredDAO.Data cdd : cddl) {
 769                                         if(!cdd.id.equals(user)) {
 770                                                 trans.error().log("doesUserCredMatch DB call does not match for user: " + user);
 771                                         }
 772                                         if (cdd.expires.after(now)) {
 773                                                 byte[] dbcred = cdd.cred.array();
 774
 775                                                 try {
 776                                                         switch(cdd.type) {
 777                                                                 case CredDAO.BASIC_AUTH:
 778                                                                         byte[] md5=Hash.hashMD5(cred);
 779                                                                         if(Hash.compareTo(md5,dbcred)==0) {
 780                                                                                 checkLessThanDays(trans,7,now,cdd);
 781                                                                                 return Result.ok(cdd.expires);
 782                                                                         } else if (debug!=null) {
 783                                                                                 load(debug, cdd);
 784                                                                         }
 785                                                                         break;
 786                                                                 case CredDAO.BASIC_AUTH_SHA256:
 787                                                                         ByteBuffer bb = ByteBuffer.allocate(Integer.SIZE + cred.length);
 788                                                                         bb.putInt(cdd.other);
 789                                                                         bb.put(cred);
 790                                                                         byte[] hash = Hash.hashSHA256(bb.array());
 791
 792                                                                         if(Hash.compareTo(hash,dbcred)==0) {
 793                                                                                 checkLessThanDays(trans,7,now,cdd);
 794                                                                                 return Result.ok(cdd.expires);
 795                                                                         } else if (debug!=null) {
 796                                                                                 load(debug, cdd);
 797                                                                         }
 798                                                                         break;
 799                                                                 default:
 800                                                                         trans.error().log("Unknown Credential Type %s for %s, %s",Integer.toString(cdd.type),cdd.id, Chrono.dateTime(cdd.expires));
 801                                                         }
 802                                                 } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
 803                                                         trans.error().log(e);
 804                                                 }
 805                                         } else {
 806                                                 if(expired==null || expired.before(cdd.expires)) {
 807                                                         expired = cdd.expires;
 808                                                 }
 809                                         }
 810                                 } // end for each
 811                                 if(debug==null) {
 812                                         trans.audit().printf("No cred matches ip=%s, user=%s\n",trans.ip(),user);
 813                                 } else {
 814                                         trans.audit().printf("No cred matches ip=%s, user=%s %s\n",trans.ip(),user,debug.toString());
 815                                 }
 816                                 if(expired!=null) {
 817                                         // Note: this is only returned if there are no good Credentials
 818                                         rv = Result.err(Status.ERR_Security,
 819                                                         "Credentials %s from %s expired %s",trans.user(), trans.ip(), Chrono.dateTime(expired));
 820                                 }
 821                         }
 822                 } else {
 823                         return Result.err(result);
 824                 }
 825                 return rv == null ? Result.create((Date) null, Status.ERR_Security, "Wrong credential") : rv;
 826         }
 827
 828
 829         private void load(StringBuilder debug, Data cdd) {
 830                 debug.append("DB Entry: user=");
 831                 debug.append(cdd.id);
 832                 debug.append(",type=");
 833                 debug.append(cdd.type);
 834                 debug.append(",expires=");
 835                 debug.append(Chrono.dateTime(cdd.expires));
 836                 debug.append('\n');
 837         }
 838
 839
 840         private void checkLessThanDays(AuthzTrans trans, int days, Date now, Data cdd) {
 841                 long close = now.getTime() + (days * 86400000);
 842                 long cexp=cdd.expires.getTime();
 843                 if(cexp<close) {
 844                         int daysLeft = days-(int)((close-cexp)/86400000);
 845                         trans.audit().printf("user=%s,ip=%s,expires=%s,days=%d,msg=\"Password expires in less than %d day%s\"",
 846                                 cdd.id,trans.ip(),Chrono.dateOnlyStamp(cdd.expires),daysLeft, daysLeft,daysLeft==1?"":"s");
 847                 }
 848         }
 849
 850
 851         public Result<CredDAO.Data> userCredSetup(AuthzTrans trans, CredDAO.Data cred) {
 852                 if(cred.type==CredDAO.RAW) {
 853                         TimeTaken tt = trans.start("Hash Cred", Env.SUB);
 854                         try {
 855                                 cred.type = CredDAO.BASIC_AUTH_SHA256;
 856                                 cred.other = random.nextInt();
 857                                 ByteBuffer bb = ByteBuffer.allocate(Integer.SIZE + cred.cred.capacity());
 858                                 bb.putInt(cred.other);
 859                                 bb.put(cred.cred);
 860                                 byte[] hash = Hash.hashSHA256(bb.array());
 861                                 cred.cred = ByteBuffer.wrap(hash);
 862                                 return Result.ok(cred);
 863                         } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
 864                                 return Result.err(Status.ERR_General,e.getLocalizedMessage());
 865                         } finally {
 866                                 tt.done();
 867                         }
 868
 869                 }
 870                 return Result.err(Status.ERR_Security,"invalid/unreadable credential");
 871         }
 872
 873         public Result<Boolean> userCredCheck(AuthzTrans trans, CredDAO.Data orig, final byte[] raw) {
 874                         TimeTaken tt = trans.start("CheckCred Cred", Env.SUB);
 875                         try {
 876                                 switch(orig.type) {
 877                                         case CredDAO.BASIC_AUTH_SHA256:
 878                                                 ByteBuffer bb = ByteBuffer.allocate(Integer.SIZE + raw.length);
 879                                                 bb.putInt(orig.other);
 880                                                 bb.put(raw);
 881                                                 return Result.ok(Hash.compareTo(orig.cred.array(),Hash.hashSHA256(bb.array()))==0);
 882                                         case CredDAO.BASIC_AUTH:
 883                                                 return Result.ok( Hash.compareTo(orig.cred.array(), Hash.hashMD5(raw))==0);
 884                                         default:
 885                                                 return Result.ok(false);
 886                                 }
 887                         } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
 888                                 return Result.err(Status.ERR_General,e.getLocalizedMessage());
 889                         } finally {
 890                                 tt.done();
 891                         }
 892         }
 893
 894         public static final String APPROVED = "APPROVE";
 895         public static final String REJECT = "REJECT";
 896         public static final String PENDING = "PENDING";
 897
 898         public Result<Void> canAddUser(AuthzTrans trans, UserRoleDAO.Data data,
 899                         List<ApprovalDAO.Data> approvals) {
 900                 // get the approval policy for the organization
 901
 902                 // get the list of approvals with an accept status
 903
 904                 // validate the approvals against the policy
 905
 906                 // for now check if all approvals are received and return
 907                 // SUCCESS/FAILURE/SKIP
 908                 boolean bReject = false;
 909                 boolean bPending = false;
 910
 911                 for (ApprovalDAO.Data approval : approvals) {
 912                         if (approval.status.equals(REJECT)) {
 913                                 bReject = true;
 914                         } else if (approval.status.equals(PENDING)) {
 915                                 bPending = true;
 916                         }
 917                 }
 918                 if (bReject) {
 919                         return Result.err(Status.ERR_Policy,
 920                                         "Approval Polocy not conformed");
 921                 }
 922                 if (bPending) {
 923                         return Result.err(Status.ERR_ActionNotCompleted,
 924                                         "Required Approvals not received");
 925                 }
 926
 927                 return Result.ok();
 928         }
 929
 930         private static final String NO_CACHE_NAME = "No Cache Data named %s";
 931
 932         public Result<Void> clearCache(AuthzTrans trans, String cname) {
 933                 boolean all = "all".equals(cname);
 934                 Result<Void> rv = null;
 935
 936                 if (all || NsDAO.TABLE.equals(cname)) {
 937                         int seg[] = series(NsDAO.CACHE_SEG);
 938                         for(int i: seg) {cacheClear(trans, NsDAO.TABLE,i);}
 939                         rv = cacheInfoDAO.touch(trans, NsDAO.TABLE, seg);
 940                 }
 941                 if (all || PermDAO.TABLE.equals(cname)) {
 942                         int seg[] = series(NsDAO.CACHE_SEG);
 943                         for(int i: seg) {cacheClear(trans, PermDAO.TABLE,i);}
 944                         rv = cacheInfoDAO.touch(trans, PermDAO.TABLE,seg);
 945                 }
 946                 if (all || RoleDAO.TABLE.equals(cname)) {
 947                         int seg[] = series(NsDAO.CACHE_SEG);
 948                         for(int i: seg) {cacheClear(trans, RoleDAO.TABLE,i);}
 949                         rv = cacheInfoDAO.touch(trans, RoleDAO.TABLE,seg);
 950                 }
 951                 if (all || UserRoleDAO.TABLE.equals(cname)) {
 952                         int seg[] = series(NsDAO.CACHE_SEG);
 953                         for(int i: seg) {cacheClear(trans, UserRoleDAO.TABLE,i);}
 954                         rv = cacheInfoDAO.touch(trans, UserRoleDAO.TABLE,seg);
 955                 }
 956                 if (all || CredDAO.TABLE.equals(cname)) {
 957                         int seg[] = series(NsDAO.CACHE_SEG);
 958                         for(int i: seg) {cacheClear(trans, CredDAO.TABLE,i);}
 959                         rv = cacheInfoDAO.touch(trans, CredDAO.TABLE,seg);
 960                 }
 961                 if (all || CertDAO.TABLE.equals(cname)) {
 962                         int seg[] = series(NsDAO.CACHE_SEG);
 963                         for(int i: seg) {cacheClear(trans, CertDAO.TABLE,i);}
 964                         rv = cacheInfoDAO.touch(trans, CertDAO.TABLE,seg);
 965                 }
 966
 967                 if (rv == null) {
 968                         rv = Result.err(Status.ERR_BadData, NO_CACHE_NAME, cname);
 969                 }
 970                 return rv;
 971         }
 972
 973         public Result<Void> cacheClear(AuthzTrans trans, String cname,Integer segment) {
 974                 Result<Void> rv;
 975                 if (NsDAO.TABLE.equals(cname)) {
 976                         rv = nsDAO.invalidate(segment);
 977                 } else if (PermDAO.TABLE.equals(cname)) {
 978                         rv = permDAO.invalidate(segment);
 979                 } else if (RoleDAO.TABLE.equals(cname)) {
 980                         rv = roleDAO.invalidate(segment);
 981                 } else if (UserRoleDAO.TABLE.equals(cname)) {
 982                         rv = userRoleDAO.invalidate(segment);
 983                 } else if (CredDAO.TABLE.equals(cname)) {
 984                         rv = credDAO.invalidate(segment);
 985                 } else if (CertDAO.TABLE.equals(cname)) {
 986                         rv = certDAO.invalidate(segment);
 987                 } else {
 988                         rv = Result.err(Status.ERR_BadData, NO_CACHE_NAME, cname);
 989                 }
 990                 return rv;
 991         }
 992
 993         private int[] series(int max) {
 994                 int[] series = new int[max];
 995                 for (int i = 0; i < max; ++i)
 996                         series[i] = i;
 997                 return series;
 998         }
 999
1000         public boolean isDelegated(AuthzTrans trans, String user, String approver, Map<String,Result<List<DelegateDAO.Data>>> rldd ) {
1001                 Result<List<DelegateDAO.Data>> userDelegatedFor = rldd.get(user);
1002                 if(userDelegatedFor==null) {
1003                         userDelegatedFor=delegateDAO.readByDelegate(trans, user);
1004                         rldd.put(user, userDelegatedFor);
1005                 }
1006                 if(userDelegatedFor.isOKhasData()) {
1007                         for (DelegateDAO.Data curr : userDelegatedFor.value) {
1008                                 if (curr.user.equals(approver) && curr.delegate.equals(user)
1009                                                 && curr.expires.after(new Date())) {
1010                                         return true;
1011                                 }
1012                         }
1013                 }
1014                 return false;
1015         }
1016
1017         public static boolean willSpecialLog(AuthzTrans trans, String user) {
1018                 Boolean b = trans.get(specialLogSlot, null);
1019                 if(b==null) { // we haven't evaluated in this trans for Special Log yet
1020                         if(specialLog==null) {
1021                                 return false;
1022                         } else {
1023                                 b = specialLog.contains(user);
1024                                 trans.put(specialLogSlot, b);
1025                         }
1026                 }
1027                 return b;
1028         }
1029
1030         public static void logEncryptTrace(AuthzTrans trans, String data) {
1031                 long ti;
1032                 trans.put(transIDSlot, ti=nextTraceID());
1033                 trans.trace().log("id="+Long.toHexString(ti)+",data=\""+trans.env().encryptor().encrypt(data)+'"');
1034         }
1035
1036         private synchronized static long nextTraceID() {
1037                 return ++traceID;
1038         }
1039
1040         public static synchronized boolean specialLogOn(AuthzTrans trans, String id) {
1041                 if (specialLog == null) {
1042                         specialLog = new HashSet<>();
1043                 }
1044                 boolean rc = specialLog.add(id);
1045                 if(rc) {
1046                         trans.trace().printf("Trace on for %s requested by %s",id,trans.user());
1047                 }
1048                 return rc;
1049         }
1050
1051         public static synchronized boolean specialLogOff(AuthzTrans trans, String id) {
1052                 if(specialLog==null) {
1053                         return false;
1054                 }
1055                 boolean rv = specialLog.remove(id);
1056                 if (specialLog.isEmpty()) {
1057                         specialLog = null;
1058                 }
1059                 if(rv) {
1060                         trans.trace().printf("Trace off for %s requested by %s",id,trans.user());
1061                 }
1062                 return rv;
1063         }
1064
1065         /**
1066          * canMove
1067          * Which Types can be moved
1068          * @param nsType
1069          * @return
1070          */
1071         public boolean canMove(NsType nsType) {
1072                 boolean rv;
1073                 switch(nsType) {
1074                         case DOT:
1075                         case ROOT:
1076                         case COMPANY:
1077                         case UNKNOWN:
1078                                 rv = false;
1079                                 break;
1080                         default:
1081                                 rv = true;
1082                 }
1083                 return rv;
1084         }
1085
1086         public boolean isAdmin(AuthzTrans trans, String user, String ns) {
1087                 Date now = new Date();
1088                 Result<List<UserRoleDAO.Data>> rur = userRoleDAO.read(trans, user,ns+DOT_ADMIN);
1089                 if(rur.isOKhasData()) {for(UserRoleDAO.Data urdd : rur.value){
1090                         if(urdd.expires.after(now)) {
1091                                 return true;
1092                         }
1093                 }};
1094                 return false;
1095         }
1096
1097         public boolean isOwner(AuthzTrans trans, String user, String ns) {
1098                 Result<List<UserRoleDAO.Data>> rur = userRoleDAO.read(trans, user,ns+DOT_OWNER);
1099                 Date now = new Date();
1100                 if(rur.isOKhasData()) {for(UserRoleDAO.Data urdd : rur.value){
1101                         if(urdd.expires.after(now)) {
1102                                 return true;
1103                         }
1104                 }};
1105                 return false;
1106         }
1107
1108         public int countOwner(AuthzTrans trans, String ns) {
1109                 Result<List<UserRoleDAO.Data>> rur = userRoleDAO.readByRole(trans,ns+DOT_OWNER);
1110                 Date now = new Date();
1111                 int count = 0;
1112                 if(rur.isOKhasData()) {for(UserRoleDAO.Data urdd : rur.value){
1113                         if(urdd.expires.after(now)) {
1114                                 ++count;
1115                         }
1116                 }};
1117                 return count;
1118         }
1119
1120         /**
1121          * Return a Unique String, (same string, if it is already unique), with only
1122          * lowercase letters, digits and the '.' character.
1123          *
1124          * @param name
1125          * @return
1126          * @throws IOException
1127          */
1128         public static String toUnique(String name) throws IOException {
1129                 byte[] from = name.getBytes();
1130                 StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
1131                 byte f;
1132                 for(int i=0;i<from.length;++i) {
1133                         f=(byte)(from[i]); // printables;
1134                         sb.append((char)((f>>4)+0x61));
1135                         sb.append((char)((f&0x0F)+0x61));
1136                 }
1137                 return sb.toString();
1138         }
1139
1140         public static String fromUnique(String name) throws IOException {
1141                 byte[] from = name.getBytes();
1142                 StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
1143                 char c;
1144                 for(int i=0;i<from.length;++i) {
1145                         c = (char)((from[i]-0x61)<<4);
1146                         c |= (from[++i]-0x61);
1147                         sb.append(c);
1148                 }
1149                 return sb.toString();
1150         }
1151
1152 }