-.. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
+.. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution
+.. 4.0 International License.
.. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
-.. Copyright 2017 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
+.. Copyright 2017-2018 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
+.. Copyright 2019 ONAP Contributors
-Introducing the ONAP Architecture (Beijing Release)
-=====================================================
+.. _ONAP-architecture:
Introduction
--------------
+============
-The ONAP project was formed in March, 2017 in response to a rising need
-for a common platform for telecommunication, cable, and cloud
-operators—and their solution providers—to deliver differentiated network
-services on demand, profitably and competitively, while leveraging
-existing investments.
+The ONAP project addresses the rising need for a common automation platform for
+telecommunication, cable, and cloud service providers—and their solution
+providers—to deliver differentiated network services on demand, profitably and
+competitively, while leveraging existing investments.
-Prior to ONAP, operators of large networks have been challenged to keep
-up with the scale and cost of manual changes required to implement new
-service offerings, from installing new data center equipment to, in some
-cases, upgrading on-premises customer equipment. Many are seeking to
+The challenge that ONAP meets is to help operators of telecommunication
+networks to keep up with the scale and cost of manual changes required to
+implement new service offerings, from installing new data center equipment to,
+in some cases, upgrading on-premises customer equipment. Many are seeking to
exploit SDN and NFV to improve service velocity, simplify equipment
-interoperability and integration, and reduce overall CapEx and OpEx
-costs. In addition, the current, highly fragmented management landscape
-makes it difficult to monitor and guarantee service-level agreements
-(SLAs).
-
-ONAP is addressing these problems by developing global and massive scale
-(multi-site and multi-VIM) orchestration capabilities for both physical
-and virtual network elements. It facilitates service agility by
-providing a common set of REST northbound APIs that are open and
-interoperable, and by supporting YANG and TOSCA data models. ONAP’s
-modular and layered nature improves interoperability and simplifies
-integration, allowing it to support multiple VNF environments by
-integrating with multiple VIMs, VNFMs, SDN Controllers, and even legacy
-equipment. This approach allows network and cloud operators to optimize
-their physical and virtual infrastructure for cost and performance; at
-the same time, ONAP’s use of standard models reduces integration and
-deployment costs of heterogeneous equipment, while minimizing management
+interoperability and integration, and to reduce overall CapEx and OpEx costs.
+In addition, the current, highly fragmented management landscape makes it
+difficult to monitor and guarantee service-level agreements (SLAs). These
+challenges are still very real now as ONAP creates its fourth release.
+
+ONAP is addressing these challenges by developing global and massive scale
+(multi-site and multi-VIM) automation capabilities for both physical and
+virtual network elements. It facilitates service agility by supporting data
+models for rapid service and resource deployment and providing a common set of
+northbound REST APIs that are open and interoperable, and by supporting
+model-driven interfaces to the networks. ONAP’s modular and layered nature
+improves interoperability and simplifies integration, allowing it to support
+multiple VNF environments by integrating with multiple VIMs, VNFMs,
+SDN Controllers, as well as legacy equipment (PNF). ONAP’s consolidated xNF
+requirements publication enables commercial development of ONAP-compliant xNFs.
+This approach allows network and cloud operators to optimize their physical
+and virtual infrastructure for cost and performance; at the same time, ONAP’s
+use of standard models reduces integration and deployment costs of
+heterogeneous equipment. All this is achieved while minimizing management
fragmentation.
-The ONAP platform allows end customers and their network/cloud providers
-to collaboratively instantiate network elements and services in a
-dynamic, closed-loop process, with real-time response to actionable
-events. In order to design, engineer, plan, bill and assure these
-dynamic services, there are three (3) major requirements:
-
-- A robust design framework that allows specification of the service in
- all aspects – modeling the resources and relationships that make up
- the service, specifying the policy rules that guide the service
- behavior, specifying the applications, analytics and closed-loop
- events needed for the elastic management of the service
-
-- An orchestration and control framework (Service Orchestrator and
- Controllers) that is recipe/policy driven to provide automated
- instantiation of the service when needed and managing service demands
- in an elastic manner
-
-- An analytic framework that closely monitors the service behavior
- during the service lifecycle based on the specified design, analytics
- and policies to enable response as required from the control
- framework, to deal with situations ranging from those that require
- healing to those that require scaling of the resources to elastically
- adjust to demand variations.
-
-To achieve this, ONAP decouples the details of specific services and
-technologies from the common information models, core orchestration
-platform and generic management engines (for discovery, provisioning,
-assurance etc). Furthermore, it marries the speed and style of a
-DevOps/NetOps approach with the formal models and processes operators
-require to introduce new services and technologies. This is in stark
-contrast to the traditional OSS/Management software platform
-architectures, which hardcoded service and technologies and required
-lengthy software development and integration cycles to incorporate
-changes.
-
-The ONAP Platform enables product/service independent capabilities for
-design, creation and lifecycle management, in accordance with the
-following foundational principles:
-
-- Ability to dynamically introduce full service life-cycle
- orchestration (design, provisioning and operation) and service API
- for new services & technologies without the need for new platform
- software releases or without affecting operations for the existing
- services
-
-- Carrier-grade scalability including horizontal scaling (linear
- scale-out) and distribution to support large number of services
- and large networks
-
-- Metadata-driven and policy-driven architecture to ensure flexible
- ways in which capabilities are used and delivered
-
-- The architecture shall enable sourcing best-in-class components
-
-- Common capabilities are ‘developed’ once and ‘used’ many times
-
-- Core capabilities shall support many diverse services
-
-- The architecture shall support elastic scaling as needs grow or
- shrink
-
-|image0|\
-
-**Figure 1:** ONAP Platform
+The ONAP platform allows end-user organizations and their network/cloud
+providers to collaboratively instantiate network elements and services in a
+rapid and dynamic way, together with supporting a closed control loop process
+that supports real-time response to actionable events. In order to design,
+engineer, plan, bill and assure these dynamic services, there are three major
+requirements:
+
+- A robust design framework that allows the specification of the service in
+ all aspects – modeling the resources and relationships that make up the
+ service, specifying the policy rules that guide the service behavior,
+ specifying the applications, analytics and closed control loop events needed
+ for the elastic management of the service
+
+- An orchestration and control framework (Service Orchestrator and Controllers
+ ) that is recipe/ policy-driven to provide an automated instantiation of the
+ service when needed and managing service demands in an elastic manner
+
+- An analytic framework that closely monitors the service behavior during the
+ service lifecycle based on the specified design, analytics and policies to
+ enable response as required from the control framework, to deal with
+ situations ranging from those that require healing to those that require
+ scaling of the resources to elastically adjust to demand variations.
+
+To achieve this, ONAP decouples the details of specific services and supporting
+technologies from the common information models, core orchestration platform,
+and generic management engines (for discovery, provisioning, assurance etc.).
+Furthermore, it marries the speed and style of a DevOps/NetOps approach with
+the formal models and processes operators require to introduce new services
+and technologies. It leverages cloud-native technologies including Kubernetes
+to manage and rapidly deploy the ONAP platform and related components. This is
+in stark contrast to traditional OSS/Management software platform
+architectures, which hardcoded services and technologies, and required lengthy
+software development and integration cycles to incorporate changes.
+
+The ONAP Platform enables service/resource independent capabilities for design,
+creation and lifecycle management, in accordance with the following
+foundational principles:
+
+- Ability to dynamically introduce full service lifecycle orchestration (design
+ ,provisioning and operation) and service API for new services and
+ technologies without the need for new platform software releases or without
+ affecting operations for the existing services
+- Carrier-grade scalability including horizontal scaling (linear scale-out) and
+ distribution to support a large number of services and large networks
+- Metadata-driven and policy-driven architecture to ensure flexible and
+ automated ways in which capabilities are used and delivered
+- The architecture shall enable sourcing best-in-class components
+- Common capabilities are ‘developed’ once and ‘used’ many times
+- Core capabilities shall support many diverse services and infrastructures
+
+Further, ONAP comes with a functional architecture with component definitions
+and interfaces, which provides a force of industry alignment in addition to
+the open source code.
ONAP Architecture
------------------
-
-Figure 2 provides a high-level view of the ONAP architecture and
-microservices-based platform components. The platform provides the
-common functions (e.g., data collection, control loops, meta-data recipe
-creation, policy/recipe distribution, etc.) necessary to construct
-specific behaviors. To create a service or operational capability, it is
-necessary to develop service/operations-specific collection, analytics,
-and policies (including recipes for corrective/remedial action) using
-the ONAP Design Framework Portal.
+=================
+The platform provides common functions such as data collection, control loops,
+meta-data recipe creation, and policy/recipe distribution that are necessary to
+construct specific behaviors.
+
+To create a service or operational capability ONAP supports service/
+operations-specific service definitions, data collection, analytics, and
+policies (including recipes for corrective/remedial action) using the ONAP
+Design Framework Portal.
+
+Figure 1 provides a high-level view of the ONAP architecture with its
+microservices-based platform components.
+
+|image1|
+
+**Figure 1: ONAP Platform Architecture (Dublin Release)**
+
+Figure 2 below, provides a simplified functional view of the architecture,
+which highlights the role of a few key components:
+
+#. Design time environment for onboarding services and resources into ONAP and
+ designing required services.
+#. External API provides northbound interoperability for the ONAP Platform and
+ Multi-VIM/Cloud provides cloud interoperability for the ONAP workloads.
+#. OOM provides the ability to manage cloud-native installation and
+ deployments to Kubernetes-managed cloud environments.
+#. ONAP Shared Services provides shared capabilities for ONAP modules. MUSIC
+ allows ONAP to scale to multi-site environments to support global scale
+ infrastructure requirements. The ONAP Optimization Framework (OOF) provides
+ a declarative, policy-driven approach for creating and running optimization
+ applications like Homing/Placement, and Change Management Scheduling
+ Optimization. Logging provides centralized logging capabilities, Audit
+ (POMBA) provides capabilities to understand orchestration actions.
+#. ONAP shared utilities provide utilities for the support of the ONAP
+ components.
+#. Information Model and framework utilities continue to evolve to harmonize
+ the topology, workflow, and policy models from a number of SDOs including
+ ETSI NFV MANO, TM Forum SID, ONF Core, OASIS TOSCA, IETF, and MEF.
-|image1|\
+|image2|
-**Figure 2:** ONAP Platform components (Beijing Release)
+**Figure 2. Functional view of the ONAP architecture**
+
+The Dublin release has a number of important new features in the areas of
+design time and runtime, ONAP installation, and S3P.
+
+Design time: Dublin has evolved the controller design studio, as part of the
+controller framework, which enables a model driven approach for how an ONAP
+controller controls the network resources.
+
+Runtime: Service Orchestration (SO) and controllers have new functionality to
+support physical network functions (PNFs), reboot, traffic migration, expanded
+hardware platform awareness (HPA), cloud agnostic intent capabilities, improved
+homing service, SDN geographic redundancy, scale-out and edge cloud onboarding.
+This will expand the actions available to support lifecycle management
+functionality, increase performance and availability, and unlock new edge
+automation and 5G use cases. With support for ETSI NFV-SOL003, the introduction
+of an ETSI compliant VNFM is simplified.
+
+To facilitate VNF vendor integration, ONAP introduced some mapper components
+that translate specific events (SNMP traps, telemetry, 3 GPP PM) towards ONAP
+VES standardized events.
+
+The Policy project supports multiple policy engines and can distribute policies
+through policy design capabilities in SDC, simplifying the design process.
+Next, the Holmes alarm correlation engine continues to support a GUI
+functionality via scripting to simplify how rapidly alarm correlation rules can
+be developed.
+
+ONAP northbound API continues to align better with TM Forum APIs (Service
+Catalog, Service Inventory, Service Order and Hub API) and MEF APIs (around
+Legato and Interlude APIs) to simplify integration with OSS/BSS. The VID and
+UUI operations GUI projects can support a larger range of lifecycle management
+actions through a simple point and click interface allowing operators to
+perform more tasks with ease. Furthermore, The CLAMP project supports a
+dashboard to view DMaaP and other events during design and runtime to ease the
+debugging of control-loop automation. ONAP has experimentally introduced ISTIO
+in certain components to progress the introduction of Service Mesh.
+
+ONAP installation: The ONAP Operations Manager (OOM) continues to make progress
+in streamlining ONAP installation by using Kubernetes (Docker and Helm Chart
+technologies). OOM supports pluggable persistent storage including GlusterFS,
+providing users with more storage options. In a multi-node deployment, OOM
+allows more control on the placement of services based on available resources
+or node selectors. Finally, OOM now supports backup/restore of an entire k8s
+deployment thus introducing data protection.
+
+Deployability: Dublin continued the 7 Dimensions momentum (Stability, Security,
+Scalability, Performance; and Resilience, Manageability, and Usability) from
+the prior to the Beijing release. A new logging project initiative called Post
+Orchestration Model Based Audit (POMBA), can check for deviations between
+design and ops environments thus increasing network service reliability.
+Numerous other projects ranging from Logging, SO, VF-C, A&AI, Portal, Policy,
+CLAMP and MSB have a number of improvements in the areas of performance,
+availability, logging, move to a cloud-native architecture, authentication,
+stability, security, and code quality. Finally, versions of OpenDaylight and
+Kafka that are integrated into ONAP were upgraded to the Oxygen and v0.11
+releases providing new capabilities such as P4 and data routing respectively.
+
+Microservices Support
+=====================
+As a cloud-native application that consists of numerous services, ONAP requires
+sophisticated initial deployment as well as post- deployment management.
+
+The ONAP deployment methodology needs to be flexible enough to suit the
+different scenarios and purposes for various operator environments. Users may
+also want to select a portion of the ONAP components to integrate into their
+own systems. And the platform needs to be highly reliable, scalable, secure and
+easy to manage. To achieve all these goals, ONAP is designed as a
+microservices-based system, with all components released as Docker containers
+following best practice building rules to optimize their image size. To reduce
+the ONAP footprint, a first effort to use shared data base have been initiated
+with a Cassandra and mariadb-galera clusters.
+
+The ONAP Operations Manager (OOM) is responsible for orchestrating the
+end-to-end lifecycle management and monitoring of ONAP components. OOM uses
+Kubernetes to provide CPU efficiency and platform deployment. In addition, OOM
+helps enhance ONAP platform maturity by providing scalability and resiliency
+enhancements to the components it manages.
+
+OOM is the lifecycle manager of the ONAP platform and uses the Kubernetes
+container management system and Consul to provide the following functionality:
+
+#. Deployment - with built-in component dependency management (including
+ multiple clusters, federated deployments across sites, and anti-affinity
+ rules)
+#. Configuration - unified configuration across all ONAP components
+#. Monitoring - real-time health monitoring feeding to a Consul GUI and
+ Kubernetes
+#. Restart - failed ONAP components are restarted automatically
+#. Clustering and Scaling - cluster ONAP services to enable seamless scaling
+#. Upgrade - change out containers or configuration with little or no service
+ impact
+#. Deletion - clean up individual containers or entire deployments
+
+OOM supports a wide variety of cloud infrastructures to suit your individual
+requirements.
+
+Microservices Bus (MSB) provides fundamental microservices supports including
+service registration/ discovery, external API gateway, internal API gateway,
+client software development kit (SDK), and Swagger SDK. When integrating with
+OOM, MSB has a Kube2MSB registrar which can grasp services information from k8s
+metafile and automatically register the services for ONAP components.
+
+In the spirit of leveraging the microservice capabilities, further steps
+towards increased modularity have been taken in the Dublin release. Service
+Orchestrator (SO) and the controllers have increased its level of modularity.
Portal
-++++++
-
-ONAP delivers a single, consistent user experience to both design time
-and run time environments, based on the user’s role; role changes to be
-configured within the single ecosystem. This user experience is managed
-by the ONAP Portal, which provides access to design, analytics and
-operational control/administration functions via a shared, role-based
-menu or dashboard. The portal architecture provides web-based
-capabilities such as application onboarding and management, centralized
-access management, and dashboards, as well as hosted application
-widgets.
-
-The portal provides an SDK to enable multiple development teams to
-adhere to consistent UI development requirements by taking advantage of
-built-in capabilities (Services/ API/ UI controls), tools and
-technologies. ONAP also provides a Command Line Interface (CLI) for
-operators who require it (e.g., to integrate with their scripting
-environment). ONAP SDKs enable operations/security, third parties (e.g.,
-vendors and consultants), and other experts to continually define/refine
-new collection, analytics, and policies (including recipes for
-corrective/remedial action) using the ONAP Design Framework Portal.
-
-Design time Framework
-+++++++++++++++++++++
-
-The design time framework is a comprehensive development environment
-with tools, techniques, and repositories for defining/describing
-resources, services, and products. The design time framework facilitates
-re-use of models, further improving efficiency as more and more models
-become available. Resources, services and products can all be modeled
-using a common set of specifications and policies (e.g., rule sets) for
-controlling behavior and process execution. Process specifications
-automatically sequence instantiation, delivery and lifecycle management
-for resources, services, products and the ONAP platform components
-themselves. Certain process specifications (i.e., ‘recipes’) and
-policies are geographically distributed to optimize performance and
-maximize autonomous behavior in federated cloud environments.
-
-Service Design and Creation (SDC) provides tools, techniques, and
-repositories to define/simulate/certify system assets as well as their
-associated processes and policies. Each asset is categorized into one of
-four (4) asset groups: Resource, Services, Products, or Offers.
-
-The SDC environment supports diverse users via common services and
-utilities. Using the design studio, product and service designers
-onboard/extend/retire resources, services and products. Operations,
-Engineers, Customer Experience Managers, and Security Experts create
-workflows, policies and methods to implement Closed Loop Automation and
-manage elastic scalability.
-
-To support and encourage a healthy VNF ecosystem, ONAP provides a set of
-VNF packaging and validation tools in the VNF Supplier API and Software
-Development Kit (VNF SDK) component. Vendors can integrate these tools
-in their CI/CD environments to package VNFs and upload them to the
-validation engine. Once tested, the VNFs can be onboarded through SDC.
-In the future, ONAP plans to develop a VNF logo program to indicate to
-users which VNFs have gone through formal ONAP validation testing.
-
-The Policy Creation component deals with polices; these are conditions,
+======
+ONAP delivers a single, consistent user experience to both design time and
+runtime environments, based on the user’s role. Role changes are configured
+within a single ONAP instance.
+
+This user experience is managed by the ONAP Portal, which provides access to
+design, analytics and operational control/administration functions via a
+shared, role-based menu or dashboard. The portal architecture provides
+web-based capabilities such as application onboarding and management,
+centralized access management through the Authentication and Authorization
+Framework (AAF), and dashboards, as well as hosted application widgets.
+
+The portal provides an SDK to enable multiple development teams to adhere to
+consistent UI development requirements by taking advantage of built-in
+capabilities (Services/ API/ UI controls), tools and technologies. ONAP also
+provides a Command Line Interface (CLI) for operators who require it (e.g., to
+integrate with their scripting environment). ONAP SDKs enable
+operations/security, third parties (e.g., vendors and consultants), and other
+experts to continually define/redefine new collection, analytics, and policies
+(including recipes for corrective/remedial action) using the ONAP Design
+Framework Portal.
+
+Design Time Framework
+=====================
+The design time framework is a comprehensive development environment with
+tools, techniques, and repositories for defining/ describing resources,
+services, and products.
+
+The design time framework facilitates reuse of models, further improving
+efficiency as more and more models become available. Resources, services,
+products, and their management and control functions can all be modeled using
+a common set of specifications and policies (e.g., rule sets) for controlling
+behavior and process execution. Process specifications automatically sequence
+instantiation, delivery and lifecycle management for resources, services,
+products and the ONAP platform components themselves. Certain process
+specifications (i.e., ‘recipes’) and policies are geographically distributed
+to optimize performance and maximize autonomous behavior in federated cloud
+environments.
+
+Service Design and Creation (SDC) provides tools, techniques, and repositories
+to define/simulate/certify system assets as well as their associated processes
+and policies. Each asset is categorized into one of four asset groups:
+Resource, Services, Products, or Offers. SDC also supports TOSCA1.3 List type
+definition in Dublin release which provides the ability to design complicated
+service descriptor.
+
+The SDC environment supports diverse users via common services and utilities.
+Using the design studio, product and service designers onboard/extend/retire
+resources, services and products. Operations, Engineers, Customer Experience
+Managers, and Security Experts create workflows, policies and methods to
+implement Closed control Loop Automation/Control and manage elastic
+scalability.
+
+To support and encourage a healthy VNF ecosystem, ONAP provides a set of VNF
+packaging and validation tools in the VNF Supplier API and Software Development
+Kit (VNF SDK) and VNF Validation Program (VVP) components. Vendors can
+integrate these tools in their CI/CD environments to package VNFs and upload
+them to the validation engine. Once tested, the VNFs can be onboarded through
+SDC. In addition, the testing capability of VNFSDK is being utilized at the
+LFN Compliance Verification Program to work towards ensuring a highly
+consistent approach to VNF verification.
+
+The Policy Creation component deals with policies; these are rules, conditions,
requirements, constraints, attributes, or needs that must be provided,
-maintained, and/or enforced. At a lower level, Policy involves
-machine-readable rules enabling actions to be taken based on triggers or
-requests. Policies often consider specific conditions in effect (both in
-terms of triggering specific policies when conditions are met, and in
-selecting specific outcomes of the evaluated policies appropriate to the
-conditions). Policy allows rapid updates through easily updating rules,
-thus updating technical behaviors of components in which those policies
-are used, without requiring rewrites of their software code. Policy
-permits simpler management / control of complex mechanisms via
-abstraction.
-
-The Closed Loop Automation Management Platform (CLAMP) provides a
-platform for designing and managing control loops. It is used to design
-a closed loop, configure it with specific parameters for a particular
-network service, then deploy and decommission it. Once deployed, a user
-can also update the loop with new parameters during runtime, as well as
-suspend and restart it.
+maintained, and/or enforced. At a lower level, Policy involves machine-readable
+rules enabling actions to be taken based on triggers or requests. Policies
+often consider specific conditions in effect (both in terms of triggering
+specific policies when conditions are met, and in selecting specific outcomes
+of the evaluated policies appropriate to the conditions).
-Runtime Framework
-+++++++++++++++++
+Policy allows rapid modification through easily updating rules, thus updating
+technical behaviors of components in which those policies are used, without
+requiring rewrites of their software code. Policy permits simpler management
+/ control of complex mechanisms via abstraction.
-The runtime execution framework executes the rules and policies
-distributed by the design and creation environment. This allows us to
-distribute policy enforcement and templates among various ONAP modules
-such as the Service Orchestrator (SO), Controllers, Data Collection,
-Analytics and Events (DCAE), Active and Available Inventory (A&AI), and
-a Security Framework. These components use common services that support
-logging, access control, and data management.
+Runtime Framework
+=================
+The runtime execution framework executes the rules and policies distributed by
+the design and creation environment.
+
+This allows for the distribution of policy enforcement and templates among
+various ONAP modules such as the Service Orchestrator (SO), Controllers,
+Data Collection, Analytics and Events (DCAE), Active and Available Inventory
+(A&AI), and a Security Framework. These components use common services that
+support logging, access control, Multi-Site State Coordination (MUSIC), which
+allow the platform to register and manage state across multi-site deployments.
+The External API provides access for third-party frameworks such as MEF,
+TM Forum and potentially others, to facilitate interactions between operator
+BSS and relevant ONAP components. The logging services also includes
+event-based analysis capabilities to support post orchestration consistency
+analysis.
Orchestration
-+++++++++++++
-
-The Service Orchestrator (SO) component executes the
-specified processes and automates sequences of activities, tasks, rules
-and policies needed for on-demand creation, modification or removal of
-network, application or infrastructure services and resources. The SO
-provides orchestration at a very high level, with an end to end view of
-the infrastructure, network, and applications.
+-------------
+The Service Orchestrator (SO) component executes the specified processes by
+automating sequences of activities, tasks, rules and policies needed for
+on-demand creation, modification or removal of network, application or
+infrastructure services and resources. The SO provides orchestration at a
+very high level, with an end-to-end view of the infrastructure, network,
+and applications.
+
+ONAP External APIs, North Bound Interface (NBI) module, exposes ONAP
+capabilities to OSS/BSS by currently implementing TM Forum APIs. In the
+previous Release, Casablanca, External APIs was already providing a set of
+serviceOrder, serviceInventory, serviceCatalog and event publish/subscribe
+serviceOrder notification management. For Dublin, External APIs is for the
+first time officially involved in two approved ONAP blueprints. One is
+BroadBand Service (BBS), the second one is Cross Domain and Cross Layer VPN
+(CCVPN).
+
+The Virtual Infrastructure Deployment (VID) application enables users to
+instantiate infrastructure services from SDC, along with their associated
+components, and to execute change management operations such as scaling and
+software upgrades to existing VNF instances.
+
+Policy-Driven Workload Optimization
+-----------------------------------
+The ONAP Optimization Framework (OOF) provides a policy-driven and model-driven
+framework for creating optimization applications for a broad range of use
+cases. OOF Homing and Allocation Service (HAS) is a policy driven workload
+optimization service that enables optimized placement of services across
+multiple sites and multiple clouds, based on a wide variety of policy
+constraints including capacity, location, platform capabilities, and other
+service specific constraints.
+
+ONAP Multi-VIM/Cloud (MC) and several other ONAP components such as Policy, SO,
+A&AI etc. play an important role in enabling “Policy-driven
+Performance/Security-Aware Adaptive Workload Placement/ Scheduling” across
+cloud sites through OOF-HAS. OOF-HAS uses Hardware Platform Awareness (HPA),
+cloud agnostic Intent capabilities, and real-time capacity checks provided by
+ONAP MC to determine the optimal VIM/Cloud instances, which can deliver the
+required performance SLAs, for workload (VNF etc.) placement and scheduling
+(Homing). Operators now realize the true value of virtualization through fine
+grained optimization of cloud resources while delivering performance and
+security SLAs.
Controllers
-+++++++++++
-
-Controllers are applications which are coupled with cloud and network
-services and execute the configuration, real-time policies, and control
-the state of distributed components and services. Rather than using a
-single monolithic control layer, operators may choose to use multiple
-distinct Controller types that manage resources in the execution
-environment corresponding to their assigned controlled domain such as
-cloud computing resources (network configuration (SDN-C) and application
-(App-C). Also, the Virtual Function Controller (VF-C) provides an ETSI
-NFV compliant NFV-O function, and is responsible for life cycle
-management of virtual services and the associated physical COTS server
-infrastructure. While it provides a generic VNFM, it also integrates
-with external VNFMs and VIMs as part of a NFV MANO stack.
+-----------
+Controllers are applications which are coupled with cloud and network services
+and execute the configuration, real-time policies, and control the state of
+distributed components and services. Rather than using a single monolithic
+control layer, operators may choose to use multiple distinct controller types
+that manage resources in the execution environment corresponding to their
+assigned controlled domain such as cloud computing resources (network
+configuration (SDN-C) and application (App-C). Also, the Virtual Function
+Controller (VF-C) provides an ETSI NFV compliant NFV-O function that is
+responsible for lifecycle management of virtual services and the associated
+physical COTS server infrastructure. VF-C provides a generic VNFM capability
+but also integrates with external VNFMs and VIMs as part of an NFV MANO stack.
Inventory
-+++++++++
-
-Active and Available Inventory (A&AI) provides real-time views of a
-system’s resources, services, products and their relationships with each
-other. The views provided by A&AI relate data managed by multiple ONAP
-instances, Business Support Systems (BSS), Operation Support Systems
-(OSS), and network applications to form a “top to bottom” view ranging
-from the products end-users buy, to the resources that form the raw
-material for creating the products. A&AI not only forms a registry of
-products, services, and resources, it also maintains up-to-date views of
-the relationships between these inventory items.
-
-To deliver promised dynamism of SDN/NFV, A&AI is updated in real time by
-the controllers as they make changes in the Domain 2 environment. A&AI
-is metadata-driven, allowing new inventory types to be added dynamically
-and quickly via SDC catalog definitions, eliminating the need for
-lengthy development cycles.
-
-Closed-Loop Automation
+---------
+Active and Available Inventory (A&AI) provides real-time views of a system’s
+resources, services, products and their relationships with each other, and also
+retains a historical view. The views provided by A&AI relate data managed by
+multiple ONAP instances, Business Support Systems (BSS), Operation Support
+Systems (OSS), and network applications to form a “top to bottom” view ranging
+from the products end users buy, to the resources that form the raw material
+for creating the products. A&AI not only forms a registry of products,
+services, and resources, it also maintains up-to-date views of the
+relationships between these inventory items.
+
+To deliver the promised dynamism of SDN/NFV, A&AI is updated in real time by
+the controllers as they make changes in the network environment. A&AI is
+metadata-driven, allowing new inventory types to be added dynamically and
+quickly via SDC catalog definitions, eliminating the need for lengthy
+development cycles.
+
+Multi Cloud Adaptation
----------------------
+Multi-VIM/Cloud provides and infrastructure adaptation layer for VIMs/Clouds
+in exposing advanced hardware platform awareness and cloud agnostic intent
+capabilities, besides standard capabilities, which are used by OOF and other
+components for enhanced cloud selection and SO/VF-C for cloud agnostic workload
+deployment.
+
+Closed Control Loop Automation
+==============================
+Closed loop control is provided by cooperation among a number of design-time
+and run-time elements. The Runtime loop starts with data collectors from Data
+Collection, Analytics and Events (DCAE). ONAP includes the following
+collectors: VES for events, HV-VES for high-volume events, SNMP for SNMP traps,
+File Collector to receive files, and Restconf Collector to collect the
+notifications. After data collection/verification phase, data are moved through
+the loop of micro-services like Homes for event detection, Policy for
+determining actions, and finally, controllers and orchestrators to implement
+actions CLAMP is used to monitor the loops themselves. DCAE also supports
+(Platform for Network Data Analytics) PNDA analytics capabilities. CLAMP,
+Policy and DCAE all have design time aspects to support the creation of the
+loops.
+
+We refer to this automation pattern as “closed control loop automation” in that
+it provides the necessary automation to proactively respond to network and
+service conditions without human intervention. A high-level schematic of the
+“closed control loop automation” and the various phases within the service
+lifecycle using the automation is depicted in Figure 3.
+
+Closed control loop control is provided by Data Collection, Analytics and
+Events (DCAE) and one or more of the other ONAP runtime components.
+Collectively, they provide FCAPS (Fault Configuration Accounting Performance
+Security) functionality. DCAE collects performance, usage, and configuration
+data; provides computation of analytics; aids in troubleshooting; and publishes
+events, data and analytics (e.g., to policy, orchestration, and the data lake).
+Another component, “Holmes”, connects to DCAE and provides alarm correlation
+for ONAP, new data collection capabilities with High Volume VES, and bulk
+performance management support.
+
+Working with the Policy Framework and CLAMP, these components detect problems
+in the network and identify the appropriate remediation. In some cases, the
+action will be automatic, and they will notify Service Orchestrator or one of
+the controllers to take action. In other cases, as configured by the operator,
+they will raise an alarm but require human intervention before executing the
+change. The policy framework is extended to support additional policy decision
+capabilities with the introduction of adaptive policy execution.
-The following sections describe the ONAP frameworks designed to address
-these major requirements. The key pattern that these frameworks help
-automate is:
-
-**Design -> Create -> Collect -> Analyze -> Detect -> Publish ->
-Respond**
-
-We refer to this automation pattern as “closed-loop automation” in that
-it provides the necessary automation to proactively respond to network
-and service conditions without human intervention. A high-level
-schematic of the “closed-loop automation” and the various phases within
-the service lifecycle using the automation is depicted in Figure 3.
-
-Closed-loop control is provided by Data Collection, Analytics and Events
-(DCAE) and other ONAP components. Collectively, they provide FCAPS
-(Fault Configuration Accounting Performance Security) functionality.
-DCAE collects performance, usage, and configuration data; provides
-computation of analytics; aids in troubleshooting; and publishes events,
-data and analytics (e.g., to policy, orchestration, and the data lake).
-Another component, “Holmes”, connects to DCAE and provides alarm
-correlation for ONAP.
-
-Working with the Policy Framework and CLAMP, these components detect
-problems in the network and identify the appropriate remediation. In
-some cases, the action will be automatic, and they will notify Service
-Orchestrator or one of the controllers to take action. In other cases,
-as configured by the operator, they will raise an alarm but require
-human intervention before executing the change.
-
-|image2|
+|image3|
-\ **Figure 3:** ONAP Closed Loop Automation
+**Figure 3: ONAP Closed Control Loop Automation**
-Common Services
----------------
+Shared Services
+===============
+ONAP provides a set of operational services for all ONAP components including
+activity logging, reporting, common data layer, access control, secret and
+credential management, resiliency, and software lifecycle management.
-ONAP provides common operational services for all ONAP components
-including activity logging, reporting, common data layer, access
-control, resiliency, and software lifecycle management. These services
-provide access management and security enforcement, data backup,
+These services provide access management and security enforcement, data backup,
restoration and recovery. They support standardized VNF interfaces and
guidelines.
-Operating in a virtualized environment introduces new security challenges
-and opportunities. ONAP provides increased security by embedding access controls
-in each ONAP platform component, augmented by analytics and policy components
+Operating in a virtualized environment introduces new security challenges and
+opportunities. ONAP provides increased security by embedding access controls in
+each ONAP platform component, augmented by analytics and policy components
specifically designed for the detection and mitigation of security violations.
-Beijing Use Cases
--------------------
-
-The ONAP project uses real-world use cases to help focus our releases.
-For the first release of ONAP (“Beijing”), we introduce two use cases:
-vCPE and VoLTE.
-
-\ **Virtual CPE Use Case**
-
-In this use case, many traditional network functions such as NAT,
-firewall, and parental controls are implemented as virtual network
-functions. These VNFs can either be deployed in the data center or at
-the customer edge (or both). Also, some network traffic will be tunneled
-(using MPLS VPN, VxLAN, etc.) to the data center, while other traffic
-can flow directly to the Internet. A vCPE infrastructure allows service
-providers to offer new value-added services to their customers with less
-dependency on the underlying hardware.
-
-In this use case, the customer has a physical CPE (pCPE) attached to a
-traditional broadband network such as DSL (Figure 4). On top of this
-service, a tunnel is established to a data center hosting various VNFs.
-In addition, depending on the capabilities of the pCPE, some functions
-can be deployed on the customer site.
-
-This use case traditionally requires fairly complicated orchestration
-and management, managing both the virtual environment and underlay
-connectivity between the customer and the service provider. ONAP
-supports such a use case with two key components – SDN-C, which manages
-connectivity services, and APP-C, which manages virtualization services.
-In this case, ONAP provides a common service orchestration layer for the
-end-to-end service. It uses the SDN-C component to establish network
-connectivity. Similarly, ONAP uses the APP-C component to manage the
-virtualization infrastructure. Deploying ONAP in this fashion simplifies
-and greatly accelerates the task of trialing and launching new
-value-added services.
-
-|image3|
-
-**Figure 4. ONAP vCPE Architecture**
-
-Read the Residential vCPE Use Case with ONAP whitepaper to learn more.
-
-**Voice over LTE (VoLTE) Use Case**
-
-The second use case developed with Beijing is Voice over LTE. This use
-case demonstrates how a Mobile Service Provider (SP) could deploy VoLTE
-services based on SDN/NFV. The SP is able to onboard the service via
-ONAP. Specific sub-use cases are:
-
-- Service onboarding
-
-- Service configuration
-
-- Service termination
-
-- Auto-scaling based on fault and/or performance
-
-- Fault detection & correlation, and auto-healing
-
-- Data correlation and analytics to support all sub use cases
-
-To connect the different data centers, ONAP will also have to interface
-with legacy systems and physical function to establish VPN connectivity
-in a brown field deployment.
-
-The VoLTE use case, shown in Figure 5, demonstrates the use of the VF-C
-component and TOSCA-based data models to manage the virtualization
-infrastructure.
+ONAP Modeling
+=============
+ONAP provides models to assist with service design, the development of ONAP
+service components, and with the improvement of standards interoperability.
+
+Models are an essential part for the design time and runtime framework
+development. The ONAP modeling project leverages the experience of member
+companies, standard organizations and other open source projects to produce
+models which are simple, extensible, and reusable. The goal is to fulfill the
+requirements of various use cases, guide the development and bring consistency
+among ONAP components and explore a common model to improve the
+interoperability of ONAP.
+
+In the Dublin Release, ONAP supports the following Models:
+
+- A VNF Descriptor Information Model based on ETSI NFV IFA011 v.2.5.1 with
+ appropriate modifications aligned with ONAP requirements
+- A PNF Descriptor Information Model based on ETSI NFV IFA014 v2.5.1
+- A VNF Descriptor TOSCA based Data Model based on IM and ETSI NFV SOL001
+ v 2.5.1 has been implemented by SDC and supported by vCPE use case.
+- VNF Package format leveraging the ETSI NFV SOL004 specification and supported
+ by VNF SDK project
+- A VNF instance model based on ETSI NFV IFA specification and A&AI
+ implementation
+- A Network Service Descriptor (NSD) has been realized by the VFC (using the
+ modelling project parsing capabilities)
+- These models enable ONAP to interoperate with implementations based on
+ standards and improve industry collaboration.
+
+In Dublin release, in addition to the parser library, modeling project
+introduced generic parser which provide the Tosca parser restful APIs for other
+projects as a standalone service.
+
+Industry Alignment
+==================
+ONAP support and collaboration with other standards and opensource communities
+is evident in the architecture.
+
+- MEF and TMF interfaces are used in the External APIs
+- In addition to the ETSI-NFV defined VNFD and NSD models mentioned above, ONAP
+ supports the NFVO interfaces (SOL005 between the SO and VFC, SOL003 from
+ either the SO or VFC to an external VNFM).
+
+Read this whitepaper for more information: The Progress of ONAP: Harmonizing
+Open Source and Standards.
+
+ONAP Blueprints
+===============
+ONAP can support an unlimited number of use cases, within reason. However, to
+provide concrete examples of how to use ONAP to solve real-world problems, the
+community has created a set of blueprints. In addition to helping users rapidly
+adopt the ONAP platform through end-to-end solutions, these blueprints also
+help the community prioritize their work. With the ONAP Dublin release, we
+introduced a new blueprint in the area of residential connectivity: Broadband
+Service. Prior blueprints were vCPE, VoLTE, vFW/vDNS, 5G, and CCVPN. 5G and
+CCVPN underwent feature enhancements during the Dublin release.
+
+5G Blueprint
+------------
+The 5G blueprint is a multi-release effort, with three key initiatives around
+PNF integration, network optimization, and network slicing. The combination of
+eMBB that promises peak data rates of 20 Mbps, uRLLC that guarantees
+sub-millisecond response times and MMTC that can support 0.92 devices per sq.
+ft. brings with it some unique requirements. First, ONAP needs to optimize the
+network around real time and bulk analytics, place VNFs on the correct edge
+cloud, scale and heal services, and provide edge automation. Next, ONAP needs
+to handle end-to-end network slicing. These requirements have led to the three
+above-listed initiatives. Between the Casablanca and Dublin releases, the 5G
+blueprint incorporates PNF integration, edge automation, real-time and bulk
+analytics, homing (VNF placement), scaling and modeling work that will support
+end-to-end network slicing in future releases.
|image4|
-**Figure 5. ONAP VoLTE Architecture**
-
-Read the VoLTE Use Case with ONAP whitepaper to learn more.
+**Figure 4. Disaggregated Hybrid RAN**
+
+Read the 5G Blueprint to learn more.
+
+Residential Connectivity Blueprints
+-----------------------------------
+Two ONAP blueprints (vCPE and BBS) address the residential connectivity use
+case.
+
+Virtual CPE (vCPE)
+..................
+Currently, services offered to a subscriber are restricted to what is
+designed into the broadband residential gateway. In the blueprint, the customer
+has a slimmed down physical CPE (pCPE) attached to a traditional broadband
+network such as DSL, DOCSIS, or PON (Figure 5). A tunnel is established to a
+data center hosting various VNFs providing a much larger set of services to the
+subscriber at a significantly lower cost to the operator. In this blueprint,
+ONAP supports complex orchestration and management of open source VNFs and both
+virtual and underlay connectivity.
+
+|image5|
+
+**Figure 5. ONAP vCPE Architecture**
+
+Read the Residential vCPE Use Case with ONAP blueprint to learn more.
+
+Broadband Service (BBS)
+.......................
+This blueprint provides multi-gigabit residential
+internet connectivity services based on PON (Passive Optical Network) access
+technology. A key element of this blueprint is to show automatic
+re-registration of an ONT (Optical Network Terminal) once the subscriber moves
+(nomadic ONT) as well as service subscription plan changes. This blueprint uses
+ONAP for the design, deployment, lifecycle management, and service assurance of
+broadband services. It further shows how ONAP can orchestrate services across
+different locations (e.g. Central Office, Core) and technology domains (e.g.
+Access, Edge).
+
+|image6|
+
+**Figure 6. ONAP BBS Architecture**
+
+Read the Residential Connectivity Blueprint to learn more.
+
+Voice over LTE (VoLTE) Blueprint
+--------------------------------
+This blueprint uses ONAP to orchestrate a Voice over LTE service. The VoLTE
+blueprint incorporates commercial VNFs to create and manage the underlying vEPC
+and vIMS services by interworking with vendor-specific components, including
+VNFMs, EMSs, VIMs and SDN controllers, across Edge Data Centers and a Core Data
+Center. ONAP supports the VoLTE use case with several key components: SO, VF-C,
+SDN-C, and Multi-VIM/ Cloud. In this blueprint, SO is responsible for VoLTE
+end-to-end service orchestration working in collaboration with VF-C and SDN-C.
+SDN-C establishes network connectivity, then the VF-C component completes the
+Network Services and VNF lifecycle management (including service initiation,
+termination and manual scaling) and FCAPS (fault, configuration, accounting,
+performance, security) management. This blueprint also shows advanced
+functionality such as scaling and change management.
+
+|image7|
+
+**Figure 7. ONAP VoLTE Architecture Open Network Automation Platform**
+
+Read the VoLTE Blueprint to learn more.
+
+CCVPN (Cross Domain and Cross Layer VPN) Blueprint
+--------------------------------------------------
+CSPs, such as CMCC and Vodafone, see a strong demand for high-bandwidth, flat,
+high-speed OTN (Optical Transport Networks) across carrier networks. They also
+want to provide a high-speed, flexible and intelligent service for high-value
+customers, and an instant and flexible VPN service for SMB companies.
+
+|image8|
+
+**Figure 8. ONAP CCVPN Architecture**
+
+The CCVPN (Cross Domain and Cross Layer VPN) blueprint is a combination of SOTN
+(Super high-speed Optical Transport Network) and ONAP, which takes advantage of
+the orchestration ability of ONAP, to realize a unified management and
+scheduling of resource and services. It achieves cross-domain orchestration and
+ONAP peering across service providers. In this blueprint, SO is responsible for
+CCVPN end-to-end service orchestration working in collaboration with VF-C and
+SDN-C. SDN-C establishes network connectivity, then the VF-C component
+completes the Network Services and VNF lifecycle management. ONAP peering
+across CSPs uses east-west API which is being aligned with the MEF Interlude
+API. The key innovations in this use case are physical network discovery and
+modeling, cross-domain orchestration across multiple physical networks, cross
+operator end-to-end service provisioning and close-loop reroute for
+cross-domain service. The Dublin release added support for dynamic changes
+(branch sites, VNFs) and intelligent service optimization.
+
+To provide an extension work, many enhancement functions have been added into
+CCVPN blueprint in Dublin release. Multi-sites VPN service, service change and
+close-loop bandwidth adjustment will be realized in Dublin release, other
+functions, like AI Apps, SFC and E-LAN service will be supported in the next
+few releases.
+
+Read the CCVPN Blueprint to learn more.
+
+vFW/vDNS Blueprint
+------------------
+The virtual firewall, virtual DNS blueprint is a basic demo to verify that ONAP
+has been correctly installed and to get a basic introduction to ONAP. The
+blueprint consists of 5 VNFs: vFW, vPacketGenerator, vDataSink, vDNS and
+vLoadBalancer. The blueprint exercises most aspects of ONAP, showing VNF
+onboarding, network service creation, service deployment and closed-loop
+automation. The key components involved are SDC, CLAMP, SO, APP-C, DCAE and
+Policy. In the Dublin release, the vFW blueprint has been demonstrated by
+using a mix of a CNF and VNF.
Conclusion
-----------
-
-The ONAP platform provides a comprehensive platform for real-time, policy-driven orchestration and automation of physical and virtual network functions that will enable software, network, IT and cloud providers and developers to rapidly automate new services and support complete lifecycle management.
+==========
+The ONAP platform provides a comprehensive platform for real-time,
+policy-driven orchestration and automation of physical and virtual network
+functions that will enable software, network, IT and cloud providers and
+developers to rapidly automate new services and support complete lifecycle
+management.
+
+By unifying member resources, ONAP will accelerate the development of a vibrant
+ecosystem around a globally shared architecture and implementation for network
+automation—with an open standards focus— faster than any one product could on
+its own.
+
+Resources
+=========
+Watch videos about the major platform components on
+`YouTube <https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCmzybjwmY1te0FHxLFY-Uog>`_ and
+`Youku <https://i.youku.com/i/UNTI4MjA5MDg5Ng==?spm=a2h1n.8251843.0.0>`_.
+
+Read about how ONAP can be deployed using containers.
-By unifying member resources, ONAP will accelerate the development of a vibrant ecosystem around a globally shared architecture and implementation for network automation–with an open standards focus–faster than any one product could on its own.
-
-.. |image0| image:: media/ONAP-DTRT.png
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- :height: 2.6in
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:width: 6.5in
:height: 3.13548in
-.. |image2| image:: media/ONAP-closedloop.png
+.. |image2| image:: media/ONAP-fncview.png
+ :width: 6.5in
+ :height: 3.409in
+.. |image3| image:: media/ONAP-closedloop.png
+ :width: 6in
+ :height: 2.6in
+.. |image4| image:: media/ONAP-5G.png
:width: 6in
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-.. |image3| image:: media/ONAP-vcpe.png
+.. |image5| image:: media/ONAP-vcpe.png
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-.. |image4| image:: media/ONAP-volte.png
+.. |image6| image:: media/ONAP-bbs.png
:width: 6.5in
:height: 3.02431in
+.. |image7| image:: media/ONAP-volte.png
+ :width: 6.5in
+ :height: 3.02431in
+.. |image8| image:: media/ONAP-ccvpn.png
+ :width: 6.5in
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